Ankara, historically known as Ancyra and Angora is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 4.5 million in its urban centre and over 5.6 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey`s second-largest city after Istanbul. Serving as the capital of the ancient Celtic state of Galatia 280–64 BC, and later of the Roman province with the same name 25 BC–7th century, the city is very old with various Hattian, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatian, Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman archaeological sites. The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet 1393–late 15th century, and then the Angora Vilayet 1867–1922. The historical center of Ankara is a rocky hill rising 150 m 500 ft over the left bank of the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of Ankara Castle. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are well-preserved examples of Roman and Ottoman architecture throughout the city, the most remarkable being the 20 BC Temple of Augustus and Rome that boasts the Monumentum Ancyranum, the inscription recording the Res Gestae Divi Augusti.

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