The common pochard; Aythya ferina is a medium-sized diving duck. The scientific name is derived from Greek aithuia an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin ferina, `wild game`, from ferus, `wild`. The adult male has a long dark bill with a grey band, a red head and neck, a black breast, red eyes and a grey back. The triangular head shape is distinctive. Pochards are superficially similar to the closely related North American redhead and canvasback. Males have whistles cut off by a final nasal note aaoo-oo-haa. Their breeding habitat consists of marshes and lakes with a metre or more water depth. Pochards breed in much of temperate and northern Europe into Asia. They are migratory, and spend winter in the south and west of Europe. In the British Isles, birds breed in eastern England and lowland Scotland, in small numbers in Northern Ireland with numbers increasing gradually, and sporadically in the Republic of Ireland, where it may also be increasing. While uncommon, individuals are also occasionally seen in the south of England, and small populations are sometimes observed on the River Thames. Large numbers stay overwinter in Great Britain, after the birds retreat from Russia and Scandinavia.

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