Pardachirus marmoratus, also known as the finless sole, the speckled sole or the Red Sea Moses sole ÿþôþÃËòð ÃÅþøÃÂõÃÂ,[1] is a small fish from the Red Sea that secretes an ichthyotoxic milky substance from the base of its dorsal and cloacal fins. This secretion contains pardaxin, a lipophillic peptide that causes severe plasma membrane disruption resulting in cell leakage. The pardaxin containing secretion is used as a defensive mechanism against predators including sharks. Pardaxin is irritating to predator fish, particularly affecting the sensitive gills. Dr. Eugenie Clark conducted much of the early work on Pardachirus marmoratus.[2]
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標準授權 | 480 x 320 px | JPG | 13 點 |
標準授權 | 800 x 533 px | JPG | 15 點 |
標準授權 | 2121 x 1414 px | JPG | 18 點 |
標準授權 | 2738 x 1825 px | JPG | 20 點 |
標準授權 | 3463 x 2309 px | JPG | 22 點 |
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標準授權 | 7549 x 5033 px | TIF | 39 點 |
進階授權 | 5338 x 3559 px | JPG | 88 點 |
進階授權 | 5338 x 3559 px | JPG | 88 點 |
進階授權 | 5338 x 3559 px | JPG | 88 點 |