The Belum Caves is the largest and longest cave system open to the public on the Indian subcontinent, known for its speleothems, such as stalactite and stalagmite formations. The caves consist of black limestone. It has long passages, galleries, spacious caverns with fresh water and siphons. This cave system was formed over the course of tens of thousands of years by the constant flow of underground water from the now-disappeared river Chitravathi. The state government declared the site protected, and Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation developed the caves as a tourist attraction.

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