The cemetery (Libingan sa Ilalim ng Lupa ng Nagcarlan) is a national historical landmark. It was built in 1845 as a public burial site and its underground crypt exclusively for Spanish friars, prominent town citizens and members of elite Catholic families. It is the only underground cemetery in the country. During the Philippine Revolution, the cemetery served as a meeting place for revolutionary leaders of the Katipunan in 1896. It also served as hideout for Filipino leaders during the Philippine–American War and of guerillas in World War II. The Baroque cemetery has 240 niches on the walls where each side of the chapel contains 120 niches. Overall, there are 276 niches.

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