Yungang Grottoes are located in the southern foothills of Wuzhou (Zhou) Mountain and the north bank of Wuzhou River, about 16 kilometers west of Datong City, Shanxi Province, China, and are one of the largest ancient cave groups in China, together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Luoyang Longmen Grottoes, and also known as the world's three major treasures of stone carving art, together with the Ajanta Grottoes in India and the Bamiyan Grottoes in Afghanistan. The grottoes are carved along the mountain, the scale is magnificent and majestic, stretching for about 1 km from east to west, and the cave area is divided into eastern, central and western areas according to the natural mountain situation from east to west. There are 45 main caves and 209 auxiliary caves, with a carving area of more than 18,000 square meters. The highest statue is 17 meters, the smallest is 2 centimeters, there are about 1,100 Buddha niches, and there are more than 59,000 statues of all sizes. The magnificent statues of Yungang Grottoes are rich and colorful, which can be called the crown of Chinese stone carving art in the 5th century AD, and are known as the treasure house of ancient Chinese carving art. According to the time of excavation, it can be divided into three phases: early, middle and late, and the style of grotto statues in different periods also has its own characteristics. The Yungang Grottoes vividly record the historical trajectory of the development of Indian and Central Asian Buddhist art to Chinese Buddhist art, reflecting the gradual secularization and nationalization of Buddhist statues in China. A variety of Buddhist art and statue styles have achieved unprecedented integration in the Yungang Grottoes.

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