Parenchyma cells are typically isodiametric in shape, meaning they are roughly spherical or cube-shaped, although they can also be elongated in certain tissues. They have thin primary cell walls made of cellulose and pectin, which allow for flexibility and cell expansion. Parenchyma cells may contain a large central vacuole, which stores water, nutrients, and waste products, as well as a nucleus and other organelles. Parenchyma tissue serves various functions depending on its location within the plant. In leaves, parenchyma cells form the mesophyll tissue and are involved in photosynthesis, gas exchange, and storage of photosynthetic products. In stems and roots, parenchyma cells function in storage of water, nutrients, and starch, as well as in wound healing and regeneration. In fruits, parenchyma cells contribute to the fleshy texture and storage of nutrients and pigments.

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